RESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate choroidal lesions with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD?OCT) scan in varicella zoster virus (VZV) uveitis. Methods: VZV?uveitis cases which underwent OCT scan for choroidal lesions were studied. SD?OCT scan passing through these lesions was studied in detail. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) during active and resolved stages was studied. Angiogaphic features were studied where available. Results: Thirteen out of 15 cases had same?sided herpes zoster ophthalmicus skin rashes. All except three patients had old or active kerato?uveitis. All eyes demonstrated clear vitreous and a single or multiple hypopigmented orangish?yellow choroidal lesions. The number of lesions remained unchanged during the follow?up on clinical examination. SD?OCT over lesions (n = 11) showed choroidal thinning (n = 5), hyporeflective choroidal elevation during active inflammation (n = 3), transmission effects (n = 4), and ellipsoid zone disruption (n = 7). The mean change in SFCT (n = 9) after resolution of the inflammation was 26.3 ?m (range: 3–90 ?m). Fundus fluorescein angiography showed iso?fluorescence over lesions in all (n = 5), but indocyanine green angiography (n = 3) showed hypofluorescence at lesions. Mean follow?up was 1.38 years (range: 3 months–7 years). De?novo appearance of choroidal lesion during the first relapse of VZV?uveitis was captured in one case. Conclusion: VZV?uveitis can cause focal or multifocal hypopigmented choroidal lesions with thickening or scarring of choroidal tissue, depending on the disease activity.
RESUMEN
Purpose: While there are a few studies that show the prevalence of blindness and ocular morbidity in children, studies on socioeconomic factors in childhood cataracts are scarce. We aimed to study the socioeconomic status, education and occupation of the parents, consanguinity, and gender inequality among children presenting with cataracts. Methods: This was a hospital?based, prospective, descriptive study of 68 children with cataracts (aged 0–18 years). In addition to the data on clinical parameters and surgical management, we also collected data on age, gender, age at which the chief complaint was noticed, consanguinity of parents, socioeconomic class, and occupation and education of parents. All statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc statistical software (MedCalc Software 2019, Ostend, Belgium). Results: Sixty?eight children with pediatric cataract, out of which 36 were bilateral, were studied. Thirty children (44%) were in the age group of 1–5 years. Out of the 36 bilateral cataracts, 25 (69.44%) were males and 11 (30.56%) were females. Thirty (44.1%) had a delayed presentation. Also, 31% belonged to middle class and 28% belonged to lower middle class. Moreover, 65% of the mothers had an undergraduate education. Conclusion: There is a gender?based inequality and late presentation of childhood cataracts. To improve early detection, red reflex screening should be mandatorily done. Further studies are required to identify barriers to access of eye care specific to girls, in order to plan interventions to improve uptake of treatment. The lower socioeconomic status of the patients should be taken into account in the management of this disease.